John O. Long, Lieutenant-Colonel, of Randolph County, a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point.

Thomas S. Galloway, Jr., Major, of Rockingham County, a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Va.

The commissions of the Field Officers all bore the date of 11 July, 1861.

The regiment was composed, originally, of twelve companies, but two of them, C and D, were very soon transferred to other commands, and the lettering, A, B, E, F, G, H, I, K, L and M, for the ten companies was retained.

This fact is mentioned because the lettering of the companies of this regiments as reported in the Register published by the Adjutant-General of the State in November, 1861, and in the roster of the troops published by the State in 1882, is incorrectly given.

The several companies at the time of their first enlistment, and before their organization into a regiment, adopted local names, which, as part of their history, it may be of interest to preserve:

Company A, of Caldwell County, Captain W. F. Jones, was called the "Caldwell Rough and Ready Boys";

Company B, of McDowell County, Captain Jas. M. Neal, the "McDowell Rifles";

Company E, of Guilford County, Captain Columbus C. Cole, the "Guilford Men"';

Company F, of Alleghany County, Captain Jesse F. Reeves, the "Alleghany True Blues";

Company G, of Caswell County, Captain Edward M. Scott, the "Caswell Rifles";

Company H, of Stokes County, Captain Hamilton Scales, the "Stokes Boys";

Company I of Randolph County, Captain Shubal G. Worth, the "Davis Guards";

Company K, of McDowell County, Captain Alney Burgin, the "McDowell Boys";

Company L, of Randolph County, Captain Robert H. Gray, the "Uwharrie Rifles";

Company M, of Randolph County, Captain John M. Odell, the "Randolph Hornets."

Companies C and D, which, as before mentioned, were transferred to other regiments, were named: Company C, of Surry County, Captain Reaves, the "Surry Regulators"; Company D, of Ashe County, Captain Cox, the "Jefferson Davis Mountain Rifles."

The organization of the regiment was completed by the appointment of Lieutenant Graham Daves, of Craven County, as Adjutant, 24 July, 1861; Dr. James K. Hall, of Guilford County, Surgeon, 24 July, 1861; Dr. Benj. A. Cheek, of Warren County, Assistant Surgeon, 24 July, 1861; James J. Litchford, of Wake County, Assistant Quartermaster, 19 July 1861; Rev. A. B. Cox, of Alleghany County, 6 July, 1861, Chaplain; and Hamilton G. Graham (Company I), of Craven County, as Sergeant Major.

First called the Twelfth Volunteers, the regiment was shortly after numbered and designated the Twenty-second Troops. The change was made in the Adjutant General's office at Raleigh to avoid confusion.

With the exception of the "Bethel Regiment," or First Volunteers, which served for six months only, the troops first enlisted were mustered into service for one year and were called volunteers.

The Legislature, however, also authorized the enlistment of ten regiments "for three years or the war"--eight of infantry, one of cavalry (Ninth), and one of artillery (Tenth), to be called "State Troops," and numbered one to ten.

This would have caused the numbering of ten regiments each of "State Troops" and of "Volunteers" respectively to have been the same, and the numbers of the volunteer regiments were there moved forward ten. This will explain a change in the numbering of the regiments, to include the Fourteenth Volunteers, afterwards the Twenty-fourth Troops, which might not be understood.

A duplication of this sort in the numbering of certain regiments of Georgia and South Carolina troops did actually exist and caused much confusion.

The first Captain of A Company was W. F. Jones, of Caldwell County, who was succeeded by Thos. D. Jones, of the same. The entire number of rank and file in this comapny serving at one time or another during its whole term of service was 187 men.

Company B, had for its first Captain James M. Neal, of McDowell County, and numbered rank and file from first to last 171 men.

Captain Columbus C. Cole, of Greensboro, commanded E Company, which numbered 184 rank and file, while in service.

Jesse F. Reeves, of Alleghany County, was first Captain of F Company, which numbered 160 men during its term.

J. A. Burns was Captain of G Company at the organization of the regiment, but was shortly after succeeded by John W. Graves. The company numbered in all 145 men.

Hamilton Scales, of Stokes County, was Captain of H Company, which numbered in all 200 men.

I Company's first Captain was Shubal G. Worth, of Randolph County. The company numbered 188 men all told.

Alney Burgin, of McDowell County, was first Captain of K Company;

Robert H. Gray of L Company, and John M. Odwell of M Company, which numbered respectively, during their several terms of service, 151, 178, and 146 men.

These figures are mentioned here for convenience, and represent, of course, enlistments and assignments for the whole period of the war.

At the completion of its organization the regiment numbered nearly 1,000 enlisted men. Shortly after its organization it was ordered to Virginia, and made its first halt in Richmond.

Remaining in camp there for a short time, it was next ordered to the Potomac to form part of the command of General Theophilus H. Holmes, and was first stationed at Brook's Station near Acquia Creek.

Soon, however, it marched to Evansport, a point on the Potomac river, the present Quantico Station, between the Chappewamsic and Quantico creeks, where batteries of heavy guns were to be established to blockade the Potomac below Washington.

Going into camp at this place late in September, the regiment was stationed there during the Autumn and winter of 1861-'62, on duty in the erection and support of the batteries which were in great part constructed by details of its men.

There were three of these batteries at first, mounted with 9-inch Dalghren guns, smooth bore 32 and 42 pounders, and one heavy rifled Blakely gun, and they were thought to be formidable in those days.

No. 2 Battery was in part manned by Company I, of the regiment, detailed for that purpose, where it continued to serve as long as the post was occupied.

After the batteries opened, traffic by water to Washington ceased almost entirely, but the river there being about two miles wide, some craft succeeded in running the gauntlet from time to time, among others the steam sloop of war Pensacola, which passed at night.

While on duty at Evansport, about the middle of October, 1861, the following roster of the line officers of the regiment, with dates of their commissions, was returned:

Company A--Thomas D. Jones, Captain, 8 August, 1861; J. B. Clark, First Lieutenant, 8 August, 1861; Felix G. Dula, Second Lieutenant, 8 August, 1861; Wm. W. Dickson, Second Lieutenant, 8 August, 1861.

Company B--James H. Neal, Captain, 8 May, 1861; A. G. Halyburton, First Lieutenant, 8 May, 1861; J. M. Higgins, Second Lieutenant, 8 May, 1861; Samuel H. Adams, Second Lieutenant, 8 May, 1861.

Company E--Columbus C. Cole, Captain, 23 May, 1861; H. E. Charles, First Lieutenant, 23 May, 1861; W. H. Faucett, Second Lieutenant, 23 May, 1861; John N. Nelson, Second Lieutenant, 27 July, 1861.

Company F--Preston B. Reeves, Captain, 10 September, 1861; John Gambol [sic], First Lieutenant, 11 September, 1861; Horton L. Reeves, Second Lieutenant, 27 May, 1861; George Mc. Reeves, Second Lieutenant, 27 August, 1861.

Company G--John W. Graves, Captain, 11 October, 1861; J. J. Stokes, First Lieutenant, 28 May, 1861; P. Smith, Second Lieutenant, 28 May, 1861; John N. Blackwell, Second Lieutenant, 24 August, 1861.

Company H--Hamilton Scales, Captain, 1 June, 1861; Ephraim Bouldin, First Lieutenant, 1 June, 1861; S. Martin, Second Lieutenant, 1 June, 1861.

Company I--Shubal G. Worth, Captain, 5 June, 1861; E. H. Winningham, First Lieutenant, 12 August, 1861; Alex. C. McAllister, Second Lieutenant, 12 August, 1861; Hamilton C. Graham, Second Lieutenant, 15 August, 1861.

Company K--Alney Burgin, Captain, 5 June, 1861; Chas. H. Burgin, First Lieutenant, 5 June, 1861; A. W. Crawford, Second Lieutenant, 5 June, 1861; Isaac E. Morris, Second Lieutenant, 5 June, 1861.

Company L--Robert H. Gray, Captain, 18 June, 1861; Claiborne Gray, First Lieutenant, 18 June, 1861; J. A. C. Brown, Second Lieutenant, 18 June, 1861; W. G. Spencer, Second Lieutenant, 18 June, 1861.

Company M--John M. Odwell, Captain, 10 June, 1861; Laban Odell, First Lieutenant 10 June, 1861; J. M. Pounds, Second Lieutenant, 10 June, 1861; Henry C. Allred, Second Lieutenant, 10 June, 1861.

At different times during its entire term of service the following were line officers of the Twenty-second Regiment; the list is not quite complete:

Company A--Captains: W. F. Jones, Thomas D. Jones, James M. Isbell, Wm. B. Clark. Lieutenants: Joseph B. Clark, James W. Sudderth, Felix G. Dula, Wm. W. Dickson, Marcus Deal, J. W. Justice.

Company B--Captains: James M. Neal, J. T. Conley, George H. Gardin. Lieutenants: Samuel H. Adams, James M. Higgins, Robert A. Tate, S. P. Tate.

Company E--Captains: Columbus C. Cole, Chas. E. Harper, Joseph A. Hooper, Martin M. Wolfe, Robert W. Cole. Lieutenants: Andrew J. Busick, W. H. Faucett, Jas. H. Hanner, John N. Nelson, O. C. Wheeler.

Company F--Captains: Jesse F. Reeves, Preston B. Reeves, W. L. Mitchell, S. G. Caudle. Lieutenants: John M. Gambill, N. A. Reynolds, David Edwards, Horton S. Reeves, Calvin Reeves, George G. Reeves, Calvin C. Carrier.

Company G--Captains: Edward M. Scott, J. A. Burns, John W. Graves, Stanlin Brinchfield. Lieutenants: O. W. Fitzgerald, James T. Stokes, Peter Smith, J. N. Blackwell, B. S. Mitchell, Martin H. Cobb.

Company H--Captains: Hamilton Scales, Ephraim Bouldin, Wm. H. Lovins. Lieutenants: S. Martin, C. C. Smith, John K. Martin, Sam. B. Ziglar, Shadrach Martin, Joshua D. Ziglar.

Company I--Captains: Shubal G. Worth, Geo. V. Lamb. Lieutenants: Robert Hanner, Eli H. Winningham, John H. Palmer, B. W. Burkhead, Wm. McAuley, Hamilton C. Graham, Alex C. McAllister, J. S. Robbins, R. A. Glenn, R. W. Winbourne.

Company K--Captains: Alney Burgin, Chas. H. Burgin, Wm. B. Gooding, E. J. Dobson. Lieutenants: Isaac E. Morris, A. W. Crawford, J. L. Greenlee, J. B. Burgin, John M. Burgin, J. E. Bailey.

Company L--Captains: Robert H. Gray, J. A. C. Brown, Lee Russell, Yancey M. C. Johnson. Lieutenants: Claiborn Gray, Wm. G. Spencer, E. C. Harney, Oliver M. Pike, Calvin H. Welborn.

Company M--Captains: John M. Odell, Laban Odell, Warren B. Kivett, Columbus F. Siler. Lieutenants: J. M. Robbins, James M. Pounds, Henry C. Allred, Lewis F. McMasters, John M. Lawrence, A. W. Lawrence.

Besides the Lieutenants named above, the Captains of the several companies had in nearly every instance served as Lieutenants previous to their promotion. Hon. Walter Clark, now senior Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, who will compile and edit the histories of our North Carolina Regiments, was at its organization a drill master in the Twenty- second. He was then not yet 15 years of age, fresh from Colonel Tew's Military Academy at Hillsboro.

Until March, 1862, the regiment remained in support of the batteries at Evansport, in brigade at different times with the First Arkansas, the Second Tennessee, a Virginia regiment, and perhaps other regiments, under command at different times, in the order names, of Generals John G. Walker, Isaac R. Trimble, and Samuel G. French. While there the health of the men was good, except for measles, which seemed to be epidemic in all the regiments.

The batteries were frequently engaged with the enemy's gunboats, and with batteries on the Maryland side of the Potomac, and the casualties were very few.

Company I had several men wounded by the bursting of a 42-pounder gun in Battery No. 2.

While on duty at Evansport, Colonel Pettigrew was promoted Brigadier General, but feeling that his services were of more value in furthering the reenlistment and re- organization of the regiment, then near at hand, he declined the appointment--a rare instance of patriotism and devotion to the public good.

When the army fell back from Manassas and the Potomac in March, 1862, to the line of the Rappahannock, General French commanded the brigade, which took post at Fredericksburg. Soon after General French was transferred to a command in North Carolina, and the regiment was marched to the Peninsula below Richmond and shared in the Williamsburg and Yorktown campaign.

Returning to the vicinity of Richmond, and Colonel Pettigrew having been again appointed brigadier, in command of the brigade, which appointment he this time accepted, Lieutenant-Colonel Chas. E. Lightfoot, previously of the Sixth Regiment, was promoted Colonel. Under his command the regiment went into the fight at Seven Pines in May- June, 1862, in which it was heavily engaged, and its losses were severe.

General Pettigrew was here wounded and made prisoner. Colonel Lightfoot was also captured. Captain Thomas D. Jones and Lieutenant S. H. Adams were killed, besides many others, and the aggregate loss of the regiment was 147 in all.

Soon after Seven Pines the regiment was re-organized, when the following were elected Field Officers: James Connor, of South Carolina, Colonel; Captain Robert H. Gray, of Company L, Lieutenant-Colonel; and Captain Columbus C. Cole, of Company E, Major. They took rank from 14 June, 1862.

There were many changes also in the line officers. Previously Adjutant Graham Daves had been promoted Captain and assigned to duty as Assistant Adjutant-General on the general staff, and Lieutenant P. E. Charles became Adjutant.

A new brigade, too, was formed, consisting of the Sixteenth, Twenty-second, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-eighth North Carolina regiments, and placed under the command of Brigadier-General Wm. D. Pender, in the division of General A. P. Hill.

An officer in describing the bearing of the Twenty-second at Seven Pines says:

"In all my readings of veterans, and of coolness under fire, I have never conceived of anything surpassing the coolness of our men in this fight."

In the "Seven Days' Fight" around Richmond the regiment was next engaged: First, at Mechanicsville, 26 June, in which Colonel Connor was badly wounded; at Ellison's Mill; at Gaines' Mill, 27 June, where it won the highest encomiums.

General A. P. Hill says of it in his report of the battle: "The Sixteenth North Carolina, Colonel McElroy, and the Twenty-second, Lieutenant-Colonel Gray, at one time carried the crest of the hill, and were in the enemy's camp, but were driven back by overwhelming numbers." And General Pender: "My men fought nobly and maintained their ground with great stubbornness." Next at Frazier's Farm, 30 June.

In this fight the regiment was very conspicuous and suffered severely. Among the killed were Captain Harper and Lieutenant P. E. Charles, of Company E. The latter was bearing the regimental colors at the time, and near him, in a space little more than ten feet square, nine men of the color guard lay dead. Captain Ephraim Bouldin, of Company H, was also killed.

On 9 August, the battle of Cedar Mountain was fought.

In this engagement the Twenty-second Regiment was charged by a regiment of cavalry which it easily repulsed and punished sharply. Lieutenant Robert W. Cole, of Company E, succeeded Lieutenant Charles as Adjutant.

The regiment was with Jackson in his battle with Pope of 28 and 29 August, and bore an active part at Second Manassas on 30 August. In these actions it was efficiently commanded by Major C. C. Cole, owing to the extreme sickness of Lieutenant-Colonel Gray.

Two days later it was again engaged with the enemy at Chantilly, or Ox Hill, fought in a terrible thunder storm, in which the artillery of heaven and of earth seemed to strive in rivalry. The hard service and heavy losses of this campaign may be understood by the fact that at this time there were, out of the twelve field officers of the four regiments of the brigade, but three left on duty with their commands, and some of the companies were commanded by corporals.

Pope, the braggart, had made good use of his "Headquarters in the saddle" to get out of Virginia, and had learned all about "Lines of Retreat."

The Twenty-second Regiment took part in the reduction and capture of Harper's Ferry 15 August, where it remained until the 17th, the day the battle of Sharpsburg was fought.

On that day the regiment, with the rest of A. P. Hill's division, arrived on the battlefield after a forced march of seventeen miles, in time to aid, in the afternoon, in the decided repulse of Burnside's attack at the "Stone Bridge," thereby preventing the turning of General Lee's right and saving the day to the Confederates.

On the night of the 18th, the army re-crossed the Potomac and on the 19th was followed by a division of Federals, which was promptly attacked by part of A. P. Hill's command, routed and driven back across the Potomac at Shepherdstown with great slaughter.

The Twenty-second took an active part in this successful fight. After the enemy had been driven into the river, a heavy fire was opened on the Confederate by the Federal batteries and sharp shooters from its north bank.

Under this fire a detachment of the Twenty-second under Major Cole lay, with very slight protection, for nearly twelve hours, and could be withdrawn only after nightfall.

Shortly after Shepherdstown, Lieutenant-Colonel Gray rejoined the regiment and Lieutenant J. R. Cole, previously of the Fifty-fourth Regiment, was assigned to the Twenty-second as Adjutant. On 22 November, A. P. Hill's Division, which had been on duty near Martinsburg and at Snicker's Gap in the Blue Ridge, (where there was constant skirmishing), marched for Fredericksburg, where it arrived 2 December, a distance of 180 miles.

In this winter march many of the men were barefooted but made merry over it. At the battle of Fredericksburg, 13 December, Jackson's Corps formed the right wing of Lee's army and Pender's Brigade was on the left of A. P. Hill's Division in the first line.

The regiment acquitted itself in this famous action in a way well worthy of its old reputation. The night of the 12th a detail from the regiment, by a bold dash, succeeded in burning a number of haystacks and houses very near to, and affording cover to the Federal lines.

Major C. C. Cole was in charge of the detail, and next day commanded the skirmish line in front of Pender's Brigade. He was ably seconded by Captain Laban Odell, of Company M, and Lieutenant Clark, of Company A.

The brigade maintained it position throughout the action, repulsing every attack upon it, but not without heavy loss. Major Cole was much complimented for his handsome action in dispersing the strong force of the enemy's skirmishers on the brigade front. General Pender was wounded, and his Aid-de-Camp, Lieutenant Sheppard, was killed in the engagement.

Some time before Fredericksburg the Thirteenth North Carolina Regiment, Colonel Alfred M. Scales, had been added to Pender's Brigade.

The winter of 1862-63 was passed in picket and other duty on the Rappahannock below Fredericksburg. Colonel James Connor rejoined the regiment while it was stationed there, but was still unfitted by his severe wound for active duty. The services of Lieutenant-Colonel Gray were lost to the regiment at this time. Always a man of delicate health, he died 16 March, 1863. Major C. C. Cole was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and Captain Odell became Major, their commissions dating 16 March, 186[3]-- positions that these excellent officers were to hold but a short time.

At Chancellorsville in May, 1863, the regiment was in Jackson's flank attack on Hooker, and throughout the whole of the action was heavily engaged. Its losses were very severe. Colonel Cole and Major Odell were both killed, two hundred and nineteen and twenty-six out of thirty-three officers were killed or wounded, and though the regiment was distinguished by its accustomed efficiency and gallantry, nothing could compensate for this terrible destruction.

Chancellorsville was the eighteenth battle of the Twenty-second Regiment, and the most fatal.

It went through the Maryland campaign of 1863 and Gettysburg with credit.

General Wm. D. Pender had been made a Major General and was now in command of the division, and Colonel Alfred M. Scales of the Thirteenth Regiment, was promoted Brigadier in command of the brigade.

It participated in the first day's brilliant success at Gettysburg, was engaged also on the second day, and on the third the brigade was part of General I. R. Trimble's division, General Pender having been mortally wounded, in support of Heth's division, then under Pettigrew, in the famous charge on Cemetery Ridge.

In this charge, Archer's and Scales' brigades occupied and held for a time the Federal works, and when they retreated to the Confederate lines, Scales' Brigade had not one Field Officer left for duty, and but very few Line Officers. Its total loss was 102 killed and 322 wounded.

After the return of the regiment to Virginia it was re-organized, when Thomas S. Galloway, Jr., at one time its Major, was elected Colonel, to date from 21 September, 1863; Wm. L. Mitchell was Lieutenant-Colonel; J. H. Welborn, Adjutant; J. D. Wilder, Quartermaster; P. G.Robinson, Surgeon. Benj. A. Cheek was still Assistant Surgeon.

The Line Officers, with dates of commission, were as follows:

Company A--Captain, Wm. B. Clark, 12 October, 1862; First Lieutenant, Joseph B. Clark, 28 October, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Wm. A. Tuttle, 25 April, 1863.

Company B--Captain ________; First Lieutenant, Robert A. Tate, 1 August, 1863; Second Lieutenant, George H. Gardin, 11 May, 1863; Second Lieutenant Samuel P. Tate, 1 August, 1863.

Company E--Captain, Robert W. Cole, 15 September 1863; First Lieutenant, Andrew J. Busick, 15 September, 1863; Second Lieutenant Oliver C. Wheeler, 25 April, 1863.

Company F--Captain ___________; First Lieutenant, David Edwards, 20 October, 1862; Second Lieutenant Shadrach G. Caudle, 25 April, 1863.

Company G--Captain, George A. Graves, 1 May, 1862; First Lieutenant, Peter Smith, 10 May, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Robert L. Mitchell, 1 May, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Martin H. Cobb, 25 April, 1863.

Company H--Captain, Thomas T. Slade, 23 October, 1863; First Lieutenant, John K. Martin, 25 May, 1863; Second Lieutenant Mason T. Mitchell, 25 April, 1863; Second Lieutenant, C. L. Graves, 25 May, 1863.

Company I--Captain, Gaston V. Lamb, 18 July, 1862; First Lieutenant, Burwell W. Burkhead, 1 July, 1863; Second Lieutenant Richard W. Winburne, 1 August, 1863; Second Lieutenant, Robert A. Glenn, 1 August, 1863.

Company K--Captain, W. B. Gooding, 13 November, 1862; First Lieutenant, __________, Second Lieutenant, E. J. Dobson, 5 November, 1862.

Company L--Captain Lee Russell, ___________; First Lieutenants Yancey M. C. Johnson, 1 August, 1863; Second Lieutenant Oliver M. Pike, 15 July, 1863; Second Lieutenant, Calvin H. Winborne, 1 August, 1863.

Company M--Captain, Columbus F. Siler, 2 May, 1863; First Lieutenant, James M. Robbins, 2 May, 1863; Second Lieutenant, John M. Lawrence, 25 April, 1863.

Under this organization the regiment shared in the events of the "campaign of strategy" in October and November, 1863, on the Rapidan, and endured the cold and other privations in the affair at Mine Run, 2 December. Going into winter quarters after that, there were no occurrences of much note until the opening of the great campaign in the Spring of 1864.

Major General Cadmus M. Wilcox had been assigned to the command of the division, General Pender having died of the wound received at Gettysburg, and this division with that of Heth, at the Wilderness 5 May, withstood and repulsed with heavy loss every attack of Grant's forces on that memorable day.

So severe had been the struggle that at night when General Heth asked permission to readjust his lines, much disordered by the persistent fighting, General A. P. Hill simply replied: "Let the tired men sleep," a decision which, with the delay of Longstreet's corps the next morning in getting into position, had nearly caused disaster.
The Twenty-second bore well its part here, and so on, always maintaining its high reputation, at Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, and through the weary winter of hardship and want of 1864-'65, borne with fortitude, in the trenches at Petersburg; on the trying retreat at Appomattox in April, 1865, where the sad end came.